The former player: 'I wanted to continue my rugby career'
Important note: This article includes descriptions of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell states that going public to reveal racism in rugby union brought his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have definitely had to end my career because of what happened," he told reporters.
"I hoped to carry on competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply accept the fate and understand that this entire process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to journalists he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has placed considerable attention on diversity and diversity in the sport and a great deal of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to strive for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating inclusive cultures, with its success tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to intervene and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the film, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and support them succeed both on the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as excellent as it can be and the longer I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will become about discussing their personal experiences as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and keep supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to develop possibilities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that the sport has the potential to transform their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022